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- New Age Economics: The New Age believes that we can trust the world to grant us material blessings because we, as part of God, ultimately control reality.
- Postmodern Philosophy: A worldview is all word play -- the Postmodern insistence that all human beings are conditioned by their culture and language—their situation in life.
- Postmodern Science: Science is not merely a progressive and incremental discipline that studies and records facts, but science can be understood and interpreted in a variety of ways.
- Worldviews: What does a worldview mean? What does it consist of? What segments should be included in a worldview?
- Islamic Economics: Economic justice requires economic well-being for all believers. To accomplish this, Islam requires almsgiving, taxes, and inheritance restrictions.
- Postmodern Ethics: According to Postmodern thought, universal moral principles must be eradicated and reverence for individual and cultural uniqueness inculcated.
- Postmodern Economics: One of the major goals of Postmodernism is to eliminate the distinction between men and women, a distinction that has been inculcated by an oppressive patriarchal society.
- Postmodern History: Many Postmodernists see no ultimate purpose in history, advocating instead a nihilist perspective. Others advocate the view that history is what we make of it.
- New Age Psychology: New Age believes that we can hasten the progress of evolution by achieving a higher consciousness, which is the central goal of the New Age movement.
- New Age Theology: The New Age God is not a personal God, but merely a cosmic force. There is no transcendent God out there apart from His creation. God is the creation.
- New Age History: The New Age views humanity as evolving from lower to higher consciousness throughout history. Every individual’s consciousness is connected to the mass consciousness.
- New Age Science: Instead of further human physical evolution determined by geography, environment, and natural selection, Cosmic Humanists believe evolution is psychological.
- Islamic Sociology: Like Christianity, the family, worship of God, and the state are central to Islamic teachings, yet there are substantial differences between the two worldviews.
- New Age Sociology: Ultimately, meaningful change in society will occur only when sufficient meaningful change occurs in individuals.
- Islamic Theology: Muslims reject the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and deny the deity of Jesus Christ. The one unforgivable sin is shirk, associating partners with God.
- Islam and Science: Muslims believe God has always existed. He is eternal and self-existent. He created everything and set the universe in order.
- New Age Law: The New Age concept of self law states that any action we choose is lawful as long as it is true to our inner reality.
- New Age Ethics: When we choose New Age ethics and ignore all outside authority and all rational restrictions, boundless moral relativism results.
- Postmodern Psychology: Our Postmodern condition has made the concept of a soul obsolete. Now, instead of being a soul, we are confronted with a multiplicity of selves.
- Marxist Worldview: How does theology play into this worldview? What about ethics and science? Find how what influences this worldview.
- Islamic Psychology: Muslims acknowledge that we are God’s vice regents on earth but reject the idea that we are made in God’s image.
- Islamic Politics: One of the most controversial aspects of Islam is the concept of jihad, or “holy war.” Many Muslims seek to soften jihad, a personal struggle with sin.
- Reincarnation Video: What is reincarnation? How does the new age worldview influence it? Find out here.
- Postmodern Theology: The problem with religious pluralism is the same as the problem with Postmodernism -- namely that neither our perspectives nor our preferences can dictate reality.
- Christian Worldview: What is this worldview? How would you define it? What are the individual elements that make up this worldview.
- New Age Philosophy Video: When we look within, we will find truth, but this is not truth as it is commonly understood. New Age truth is emotive rather than descriptive.
- Islamic Law: Shari’ah law governs many aspects of day-to-day life—politics, economics, banking, business, contracts, social issues, etc.
- Postmodern Law: Even if all knowledge were socially constructed, the matter of truth would remain important. Justice and truth must go hand in hand.
- New Age Sociology Video: All social institutions should encourage us to seek inner truth from our perfectible human nature. Thus, society should adopt a pantheistic perspective.
- Postmodern Sociology: Sexual egalitarianism characterizes the Postmodern view that allows each person to define his or her sexuality and proposes that all sexual preferences are equally valid.
- Postmodern Politics: The sexual and feminist revolutions that began in the sixties were intent on correcting the wrongs perpetuated by Western culture, especially the puritanical United States.
- Islamic Philosophy: Islamic philosophers were greatly influenced by Greek philosophy and sought to use it to understand, defend, and further their faith.
- New Age Politics: New Agers see the world evolving toward a New World Order in which individuals are free to follow their whims uninhibited by law or government.
- New Age Law Video: Each of us acts as our own legal authority, and any manifestation of outside authority hinders our communication with our godhood.
- New Age Worldview: What is the source of authority in New Age? How does history play into this worldview and its elements?
- Islamic History: According to Islam, there is one God to whom all people must submit and there will be a day of judgment in which all humans will be judged according to their deeds.
- New Age Science Video: Cosmic Humanists believe the traditional view of science as learning to control the laws of nature has led to an assault on the balance of planetary harmony.
- New Age Philosophy: The contemporary Cosmic Humanist movement has its roots in the Romantic poets of the 1800s, such as Emerson, Whitman, and Thoreau.
- New Age Psychology Video: Our measure of consciousness affects our body and soul, and only a constant state of higher consciousness ensures our mental and physical well-being.
- Islamic Ethics: The Five Pillars of Practice form a core of Islamic ethics. There are many motivations for ethical behavior, but anticipation of final judgment is the strongest.
- Christian Psychology: Just because so many falsehoods flourish in the realm of psychology, does that mean Christians should abandon it?
- Christian Ethics Video: When it comes to ethics, should Christians treat God’s moral order with the same respect they show His physical order?
- Christian Theology Video: What is Theology and the Christian Worldview? Summit Ministries in Colorado continue their video series laying out a comprehensive Biblical Christian Worldview.
- Christianity and History Video: When looking at Christianity and history, do Christians view history through the concepts of creation, fall, and redemption?
- Christianity and Science: Does the teleological argument provide the best critique of evolutionary theory and the strongest support for creationism and the Christian Worldview?
- Christianity and Science Video: Do these two concepts collide? Or do they harmonize? Join our friends at Summit Ministries for this informative video.
- Christianity and Law: Is law based on God’s unchanging character as an absolute foundation rather than on a foundation that changes over time?
- Christian Sociology Video: Christianity grants us control over our society, but also requires responsibility for our choices and consequences of our actions. Why?
- Christian Ethics: When it comes to ethics, should Christians treat God’s moral order with the same respect they show His physical order?
- Christian Politics Video: What is the position and obligation of a Christian in politics? What is the biblical view of government?
- Christian Theology: What is it? Christian theism affirms the belief in the existence of a supernatural God and His character communicated through the Bible.
- Christian Economics: Does the biblical Christian worldview support private property and free enterprise or a socialized economic system?
- Christianity and History: Is the historicity of the resurrection a necessary condition for the truth of Christianity and the validity of Christian belief?
- Christian Sociology: Why do sociologists acknowledge the existence of social institutions such as family, church, and state, but differ on their origin, authority, and purpose?
- Christianity and Law Video: Does the Bible provide specific instructions for establishing earthly legal systems? Does God require such systems to be orderly and equitable?
- Christian Philosophy Video: What are the big questions of philosophy? Christianity answers these questions more completely and reasonably than any other worldview.
- Christian Psychology Video: Why can Christianity develop a true and workable psychology? Because it recognizes the problems of the heart, mind, and will in relation to God.
- Christian Philosophy: Regarding Christianity, many hold it to be the most rational of all worldviews, and it requires no more faith than any other philosophy.
- Christian Politics: The knowledge that human rights are based on an unchanging, eternal Source is crucial in our understanding of politics.
- Christian Economics Video: Are Christians called to support an economic system that respects private property and the work ethic or centralized control for everyone?
- Church of Scientology Video: Randall Niles reviews the recent fraud conviction from France and its possible implications for other religions, movements, and belief systems throughout the world.
- Worship on Sunday: Find out why most Christian worship on Sunday rather than on the Sabbath. What does the Bible say?
- Wicca Religion: What are the major beliefs and practices of Wiccans? Find out basic information and helpful facts here.
- Bible and Qur'an: Find out the differences, the similarities, the prophecies, the theology. What are the differences?
- What is Yoga: What do the letters yoga stand for? What is the history of the practice? What does it mean to yoke or unite?
- Book of Mormon Facts: What are the major doctrines and what does their religious book say? Is it factual? Is it accurate?
- Is Allah God: What are the differences between Allah and the God of the Bible? Are they the same?
- New World Translation Bible: What is this translation and how accurate is it? Find out the facts regarding what it teaches and who endorses it.
- Mormonism vs Christianity: What are the differences and similarities between these two world religions? Find out the theological differences.
- Jehovah's Witness Religion: What do JWs believe about the nature of God and heaven? What are their cultural beliefs?
- Church of Oprah: What does Oprah really teach? What are the main points of philosophy? Is it wise to minimize thoughts and live for the moment?
- Palmistry: Why do people rely on palmistry? What is it used for? Are their spiritual or psychological implications or dangers?
- Occult: How is this word defined and what are the common practices that make up the occult? Find a basic article here.
- Christian Church: The Christian church is called the Body of Christ in the Bible. It's not a religious institution.
- Baha'i: Learn the basic tenants of the Baha’i faith and its practices. Is it compatible with Christianity?
- Blessed Virgin Mary: The virgin birth was indeed a core miracle of the Christian faith, but Mary wasn't holy herself.
- Science of the Mind: The Science of the Mind teaches that heaven, hell, and the devil do not exist. Is this true? What does the Bible say?
- Satan Worship: How can someone tell if ritualistic abuse is happening. Find out the history and signs of this type of worship.
- Sufism: Study the past and origin of Sufis. What do they believe and what do they teach about God.
- Meher Baba: Study what this cult teaches, what it believes, and what it claim. Study its history and foundation.
- Christadelphians: Does this religion follow Christ’s teachings? Do they teach biblical principles? Find out a concise list of their teachings.
- Paganism: Understand the basic teachings and diversity of this system of thought. How does it compare with other religions?
- Origin Of Islam: Who was Muhammad and what role did he play in Islam’s controversial beginning? How does Islam compare to Judaism.
- What is Christian Religion Video: Watch this incredible video answer! Is there a difference between Christian religion and a relationship with Jesus?
- Gnosticism Video: Stream this short but provocative video on Gnosticism and Colossae. Watch as the Bible comes alive with this short video clip!
- Gnostic Gospels: Scholars are quick to embrace these new discoveries on suspect scholarship, while rejecting the simple and sound.
- Remnant Fellowship: What principles does this plan apply? Is there wrong theology behind this weight loss plan? Investigate here.
- Polycarp Video: Stream this short video on Polycarp. Discover the history behind this early church father and martyr.
- Eckankar: Does Eckankar teach incarnation? Is it similar to Hindu philosophy? Are moral standards included in its teachings?
- Postmodern Law Video: What is Law, anyway? Randall Niles explores the foundation of law, definition of law, natural law, positive law, self law, social justice, and critical legal studies.
- Resurrection of the Dead: Someone who is able to reassemble, refurbish, and reinvigorate our remains is Someone who can assert cosmic authority over us and make demands of us.
- Origin of Religion Video: What is the authority by which you live? Is it a teacher, a pastor, your own thinking? Can a person create his own worldview?
- Life After Death Video: Can we investigate the reality of heaven? What can we know about the unseen realm of the supernatural? You gotta stream this short video clip!
- Roman Catholic Church: A look at the theological beliefs of the Vatican and how institutionalized Christianity sometimes varies from its origin.
- Maitreya: What do the followers of Maitreya believe? Is it different in various countries? What about the Chinese Maitreya or the Buddha Maitreya?
- Messianic Jew: Many Jewish people have examined the prophetic evidence in the Jewish Scriptures for themselves.
- Spirituality Information: What is the right path? Is there one or more? Consider this insightful article on spirituality information.
- Celestine Prophecy: Is this New Age guidebook the key to spiritual transformation? Will these ideas ultimately lead to spiritual evolution and transformation?
- All About Cults: What distinguishes a cult from other religious groups? Why do people join? Find out basic beliefs of several know cultic groups.
- Astrology Readings: What does the Bible say about astrology and other forms of telling the future? Find out here.
- Jehovah Witness: What's the underlying belief system at Kingdom Hall? What's the biblical basis for what they believe?
- Church History: Concise summary showing much is to be gleaned from the events between the time of the apostles and the present.
- History Of Christianity: What is real Christianity? Many people are confused by the variations in doctrine these days.
- Kabbalah: Why are there so many different spellings for this religion? What are its basic teachings and beliefs?
- Wicca Spells: Are there certain doctrines that most wiccans agree upon? What do they base this group on?
- Transcendental Meditation: What's the history of this movement? Is it religious expression or new age spirituality?
- Edgar Cayce: The ongoing legacy of Cayce and his claims of psychic power. Check out the evidence here.
- Religious Cults: How do these religious movements differ from Bible-based Christianity? Take a look here.
- Shamanism: Learn about this practice and its harmful effects. Learn about its origins in occultism and how this is affecting people today.
- Pope John Paul II: The life and legacy of the former Pope. A look at the Popes of history.
- All About Spirituality: Learn about the spirit world and why people are fascinated by mystical experiences. Discover a real and personal spirituality.
- Out Of Body Experience: There are several ways people perceive this kind of experience, including dreams and memories. What is the truth?
- What Do Mormons Believe: Accurate but concise summary of the doctrinal differences in the beliefs of evangelical Christians and Mormons or Latter Day Saints.
- Church of Scientology: What does this religion stand for? Why was it invented? What are Engrams and MEST? Learn more here.
- All About Religion: Learn how various religious groups began. Who were their founders? Study their beliefs and find out how to tell truth from error.
- Reincarnation: The birth and death cycle of the Eastern philosophies. A doctrine that's found a new home in the West.
- Dowsing: Where did this practice originate? Is it a form of divination or just a harmless and helpful way to find water?
- Unity School Of Christianity: Discover the history and basic beliefs of this world religion. Is it truth or error?
- Feng Shui: What is Feng Shui and who are the experts? Is this a new religion or a scam?
- Silva Mind Control: Does the left brain/right brain thought make a difference with how well we solve problems? Find out about this self-help program.
- All About The Occult: Do spirits and spells fascinate you? Are you interested in crystal healing? Learn more about these practices and more!
- Polycarp: As a leader in the early church, he helped battle various heresies that tried to creep in.
- Catholic Priests: Facts related to the priesthood and the Roman Catholic Church. The recent scandal. A difficult and unfolding issue for everyone.
- Freemasonry: Shrouded in secrecy for centuries, what's at the heart of free mason doctrine?
- Beginning Of Christianity: The roots are far from squeaky clean. Narrow, exclusive and elitist? Check out the background of this wonderfully inclusive faith!
- Religious Pluralism: Evidence of relativism and compromise within the Christian church. A revealing interview of Christian leaders on Larry King Live.
- Crystal Healing: What is this practice and does it really work? What’s the source of this “healing” power?
- Origin Of Religion: The timing of religious movements. The factors that contribute to the founding of a new religion.
- Christianity: The heart of the Christian religion isn't religion at all. Check out the cornerstone of Bible-based Christianity.
- The Virgin Mary: Did Mary remain a virgin after the birth of Jesus? A review of the interpretive differences within the church.
- Church Universal and Triumphant: Learn the doctrines of this “church” and find out the truth about their motives. Is this the key to finding a higher self?
- Buddha Statue: Ancient background. The Enlightened One. The Four Noble Truths. The Noble Eightfold Path. A belief system hungry for enlightenment.
- New Age: What's at the core of this new form of spirituality? Is there a common doctrine?
- Ouija Board: Learn the meaning behind the Ouija board predictions. Understand the history.
- Jesus Seminar: What is the Westar Institute, and why does this organization have such influence with the media?
- Christian Faith: The Christian faith finds its true hope in the foundational truths that permeate history.
- Religion Comparison: Why do we have so many theological variations in Christianity today? Take a look.
- Christian Scientist: The history and background of this religious movement. What's it all about?
- History of Yoga: Discover the history of this exercise of the body and spirit. What is behind the philosophy of these exercises?
- Jose Luis de Jesus Miranda: Is he really the messiah or just an imposter? Learn about this man and what he stands for.
- When Belief Becomes Faith Video: How does the Parable of a Tight Rope Walker illustrate the difference between belief and faith?
- Theosophical Society: Discover more info about the Theosophical Society and what they believe. What are their objectives?
- What Do You Believe Video: What’s the difference between Real Belief and Sunday Morning Religion? Have you really asked this question lately? Only watch this short video if you dare!
- Belief Systems Video: Stream this short clip! What is the origin, foundation, and authority of the various worldviews, religions, and belief systems?
- Atheist Religion Video: What do Dawkins, Harris, Dennett, and Hitchens have to say? What are the latest arguments from the New Atheists? Stream this short video now!
- The Road to Heaven: Learn the differences between the Muslim road and the Christian road. What does the Muslim Holy Book say about Jesus?
- Voodoo Religion: Are the voodoo practices depicted in the movies anagogical to the actual practices of voodoo? Read on.
- Elan Vital: Who is Hans Ran Singh Rawat the founder of Divine Light Mission and promonent of Elan Vital.
- Sikhism: Learn the basic beliefs of Sikhism and how they believe God is self-created. Can someone become the image of God?
- What is The Secret Video: What’s the latest repackaging of New Age thought, the Law of Attraction, and Eastern-influenced philosophies for living? You have to watch this short video!
- Channeling: Why does God warn us to stay away from mediums and fortune tellers? What are familiar spirits? Read information here.
- Christian Church Video: Randall Niles looks at rules and rituals of religion taking the place of a real relationship with God.
- Christian Faith Video: Randall Niles reviews the number one evidence for the Christian faith, a transformed life.
- Reincarnation: What is the proof? What is the connection with Karma? What are the facts? What is the truth? Does it lead to relief or misery?
- History of Christianity Video: Randall Niles looks at the history of mankind's attempt to understand, seek, and reconcile with God, including a big bang of religions and philosophies starting about 500 BC.
- Astrology Readings Video: Randall Niles looks at the ancient stories told in the stars. This isn't astrology -- This is what the Hebrews called, the Mazzaroth -- Ancient meanings found in the names of the constellations.
- Meditation Video: Randall Niles looks at the moral, ethical, theological responses in the brain that declares something more that monistic matter.
- Secular Law: Humanist legal theory creates the potential for government to take advantage of its position as the ultimate source of legal truth.
- Secular Philosophy: A philosophical belief focused on material nature, denying things that are not material, such as the soul, personality, or God.
- Humanist Psychology Video: What defines Humanist Psychology according to the Secular Humanism Worldview?
- Marxist Psychology: Marxists hold society responsible to regulate us. This regulation exposes us to the proper stimuli that will elicit the proper behavior.
- Marxist Politics Video: Marxists see the world as a struggle between owners and workers, with economics as the foundation on which the rest of society is built.
- Marxist Law Video: Once the revolution has succeeded, the new socialistic law will reflect the desires of the working people rather than those of the bourgeoisie.
- Secular Theology Video: The theology of the Humanist is surprisingly unshakeable in its dogmatic belief that the supernatural, including God, does not exist.
- Marxist Theology: Marxist atheism is part of the scientific, materialistic, socialistic outlook that strives to eradicate all religious sentiment.
- Secular Economics Video: How does the Secular Humanism worldview see secular economics? Study the facts in this video.
- Marxist Ethics: Revolution is the most efficient means for creating a classless society. Revolution must overthrow the bourgeoisie and lift up the proletariat.
- Marxist Psychology Video: Marxists hold society responsible to regulate us. This regulation exposes us to the proper stimuli that will elicit the proper behavior.
- Secular Economics: Humanists generally embrace some form of socialism because they believe in the inherent goodness of humanity and in human ability to overcome evil.
- Marxism and Science: Just as Darwin discovered the law of evolution in organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of evolution in human history.
- Marxist Sociology: A time will come when we can play a part in consciously working toward the next phase of social development—the overthrow of capitalism by the proletariat.
- Marxist Politics: The struggle to control the forces of production is the dynamic force behind human development, including political structure.
- Secular Philosophy Video: Denial of the supernatural and reliance on science as the source of knowledge necessitates specific conclusions about humanity, mind, and mortality.
- Secular Ethics: Atheistic theology presents a special problem for Secular Humanists—namely, choosing a code of ethics that has any agreed foundation.
- Secular History: Humanists depend on the progress of human history to provide meaning for life, believing that historical evolution is inevitable.
- Humanist Psychology: Behaviorist theory does not allow for human freedom because ultimately personal freedom must be grounded in the will, soul, or mind.
- Marxism and Science Video: Marx believed that Darwin’s evolutionary theory could be extended naturally to answer questions about the evolution of human society.
- Marxist Theology Video: When society adopts socialism, thus eliminating the working class’s economic bondage, religion itself will vanish.
- Marxist Sociology Video: Since the economic system is in a process of constant development, all institutions in society are also evolving.
- Spirituality: Can we tap into the hidden capabilities of man? What role does spirituality play in one's life? Is it simply a religion?
- Marxist Economics Video: Marxists believe communism is the ideal economic system and the foundation for utopia in all aspects of society.
- Secular Ethics Video: According to the Secular Humanism Worldview, what impact do ethics play in regard to culture.
- Secular Science: Belief in evolution is as crucial to Humanism’s worldview as are its atheistic theology and naturalistic philosophy.
- Secular Theology: The theology of the Humanist is surprisingly unshakeable in its dogmatic belief that the supernatural, including God, does not exist
- Marxist Economics: For Marxists, the economic system determines laws, the type of government, and the role of society in day-to-day life.
- Marxist Philosophy: Marxist epistemology declares that we can never know belief in the supernatural because we cannot test it scientifically or empirically.
- Humanist Sociology: Humanists view society as a historically evolving enterprise that can only be understood through the struggle to liberate human potentialities.
- Religion: What is the basis of religion? Why do people follow religions? How does an individual choose from the array of belief systems?
- Humanist Sociology Video: What is Humanist Sociology according to the Secular Humanism Worldview?
- Secular Science Video: Evolution is much more than a theory about the origin of life. Evolution has significant implications for ethics, sociology, law, and politics.
- Marxist Law: Once the revolution has succeeded, the new socialistic law will reflect the desires of the working people rather than those of the bourgeoisie.
- Marxist Philosophy Video: The matter we see in nature is all that exists. A materialistic interpretation of the world is an essential ingredient of Marxist thought.
- Chrislam: What is Chrislam? How is it presented and why it is being taught in churches across America? Find out.
- Secular Politics: Humanity is one part of a single ecosystem. Everyone should live in one community, without national borders and differing state policies.
- Marxist Ethics Video: When all class distinctions are erased, promoting class struggle will no longer be the immediate moral necessity.
- Christian Worldview Video: What is the basis for this worldview? What is the worldview based upon? Is there a source of authority?
- New Age Theology Video: Inner soul-searching is the only significant means of discovering truth in the New Age. How do we determine reality?
- New Age Politics Video: New Agers understand the world as a whole instead of the parts. How does this impact politics?
- The Culture War Video: Is the United States facing a culture war on the traditional and moral values that America was founded upon?
- Secular Worldview: How does one's worldview impact the beliefs of secular humanism? What do they believe about various topics?
- New Age Economics Video: Coupled with a reliance on our inner voice is the belief that positive thought creates wealth. What impacts this worldview?
- Secular Worldview Video: What is the basis for a secular worldview? What is the belief system? Find out the basic tenants.
- What is Christianity: What is this religion all about? What are the basic ideals? What are the beliefs based upon?
- New Age History Video: The New Age views humanity as evolving from lower to higher consciousness throughout history. Why is this believed?
- New Age Ethics Video: Cosmic Humanists must tolerate all other views regarding morality because ethics is relative to the truth within each of us. Why?
- Definition of Religion: What goes into picking a belief system? How does doctrinal documentation play in? Find out here.
- Postmodern Theory: What are the views of theology, science, ethics, history, law, philosophy, politics, psychology, and sociology? Learn more.
- Islamic Worldview: What are the views that Muslims have of politics, history, and sociology? Learn more.
- The Meaning of Life Video: What is the meaning and significance of your life? Why do you exist?
- Religious Tolerance Video: What is religious tolerance? Listen as Randall Niles shares about this popular topic.
- Marxist Worldview Video: What is the basis of this worldview and belief system? What thoughts override all others?
- Postmodern Worldview Video: What characterizes postmodernism? What are the beliefs? Everything is contingent; nothing is fixed.
- Secular Law Video: Humanist legal theory creates the potential for government to take advantage of its position as the ultimate source of legal truth.
- Marxist History Video: Marxists try to re-establish humans as a driving force in history by declaring the revolution of the oppressed classes to be the catalyst for the dialectical process.
- Secular Politics Video: Humanity is one part of a single ecosystem. Everyone should live in one community, without national borders and differing state policies.
- Secular History Video: History is the story of development from non-life to life, from simple to more complex, from mindless to mind, from animal to human.
- Marxist History: The Marxist view of history is termed Historical Materialism, meaning that only matter exists, so history is merely the account of matter in motion.
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